In physics we deal with physical quantities which are usually quantified by measuring. The process of measuring involves assigning a number to a physical quantity by comparing it with a standard. The standard quantity is called unit and used to measure the given physical quantity. For instance when we say the length is 5 m, it means the standard used is one meter ( 1 m) and the length is 5 times of the standard length. A standard adopted as a unit should have the following features: i) It must be universally acceptable and of reasonable size. ii) Its magnitude must be definite and definable iii) Its magnitude should not change with time, temperature and pressure i.e. it should be invariable and iv) It should be reproducible.

Development is a progressive series of qualitative changes that occur in a predictable pattern as a result of the interaction between biological and environmental factors. It is a unique kind of change that is cumulative and occurs over time in a social context. For example language use, thought processing, reading skills, and peer relationships.

This course broadly introduces students to the discipline of Political Science. More specifically, the course explores basic concepts in politics, theories and ideologies, configurations of the state and government, and the institutional frameworks of politics.

This course introduces you to the grammar of the English Language. It begins with and identification and classification of the words of the English Language. It then explain how the words of the language interact and combine to form larger structures, such as phrases which in turn combine to form clauses. The clause is the unit used by a speaker to express thoughts and thus clearly communicate with other people. This course introduces you the basic structure of the English language clause and how it can be used to communicate thoughts in different styles.

This module provides a view of psychology as a science. It introduces key scientific concepts that can be used in application of psychological principles to conduct experiments about cause and effect of behavior.

Sociology is the systematic study of social groups and their influences on human behaviour. Human beings are social by nature. They form groups to meet their needs and pursue their interests. This social dimension is the focus of sociology. Groups range from intimate type, such as two lovers to the largest most inclusive group, which is called society. Sociology concerns itself with the nature of these groups and their impact upon each other and on the individuals that comprise them.

Initially psychology was a branch of philosophy that explained human nature from metaphysical (unscientific) perspective. For example, with this definition a parent would say that his child is not doing well in class because he is being cursed. Yet a more realistic explanation could be from a variety of sources such as social problems and poor teaching methods. The word psychology was derived from two Greek words (1 ) psyche - mind, soul, spirit and (2) logos - the study of-----. Therefore, psychology was initially defined as "The study of the mind

Education promotes international consciousness and foster positive attitudes towards other nations Kenya is part of the interdependent network of diverse peoples and nations. Education should empower the learner to respect, appreciate and participate in the opportunities within the international community. Education should also enable the learner to operate within the international community with full knowledge of the obligations, responsibilities, rights and benefits that this membership entails

Speaking or oral communication can be defined as: An interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information (Brown, 1994; Burns & Joyce, 1997). Speaking means to converse, or expressing one's thoughts and feelings in spoken language. This could be an informal remark, scholarly presentation or a formal address. Speaking skills are the skills that give us the ability to communicate effectively. These skills allow the speaker, to convey his message in a passionate, thoughtful, and convincing manner. Speaking skills also help to assure that one won't be misunderstood by those who are listening. The form and meaning of speaking are dependent on the context in which it occurs, thus Oral communication cannot occur in a vacuum

An object attached to a coil spring can exhibit oscillatory motion. Many kinds of oscillatory motion are sinusoidal in time, or nearly so, and are referred to as simple harmonic motion. Real systems generally have at least some friction, causing the motion to be damped. The automobile spring shown here has a shock absorber (yellow) that purposefully dampens the oscillation to make for a smooth ride. When an external sinusoidal force is exerted on a system able to oscillate, resonance occurs if the driving force is at or near the natural frequency of oscillation.

Information is derived from processing the data i.e. its first meaningful resources and therefore when processed manually, mechanically or electronically, information is obtained. Such form of processing task takes the form of classification, sorting, calculating, summarizing etc.

This is the smallest element in computer file. The bit notation forms the basis of the computer working and as such it is impossible for the human beings to appreciate its use and that is why for the logical files, which are the view of the file user, the bits are not significant.

A system is an organized, purposeful structure regarded as a whole and consisting of interrelated and interdependent elements. These elements continually influence one another (directly or indirectly) to maintain their activity and the existence of the system in order to achieve the goal of the system.

An information system is a set of interrelated components that work together to collect, process, store, and disseminate information to support decision making, coordination, control, analysis and visualization in an organization.

DATA COMMUNICATION is the electronic transmission of information that has been encoded digitally (as for storage and processing by computers). Telecommunication equipment are used to support data communication. Data refers to facts, concepts and instructions that are presented in the format that can be understood by all the parties involved.

The Internet is a public network that allows access to a number of users globally with no time and location limitations. It’s commonly referred to as information superhighway because it is assumed that any information can be acquired from the Internet and can be added to the internet websites. It can also be defined as a wide area network (WAN) that enables organizations and individuals to communicate globally. Certain protocols like SMTP for e-mail, FTP for a file transfer and HTTP for accessing/transferring web pages are important when describing the internet.

Ethics refer to the principles of right and wrong that individuals who act as free moral agents use to make choices that will guide their behavior. Although protecting personal privacy and intellectual property are on the spotlight, there are other pressing ethical issues brought about by the widespread use of information systems. This is because ICT can be used to commit crime or to threaten social values.

ISA 315 further states that the auditor should obtain an understanding of the accounting and internal control systems sufficient to plan the audit and develop an effective audit approach. The auditor should use professional judgment to assess audit risk and to design audit procedures to ensure it is reduced to an acceptably low level.

The Simplex method is an approach to solving linear programming models by hand using slack variables, tableaus, and pivot variables as a means to finding the optimal solution of an optimization problem.

Statistics is a mathematical body of science that pertains to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data, or as a branch of mathematics. Some consider statistics to be a distinct mathematical science rather than a branch of mathematics. While many scientific investigations make use of data, statistics is concerned with the use of data in the context of uncertainty and decision making in the face of uncertainty.