The purpose of the theory of demand is to determine the various factors that affect demand of a commodity. That is, the establishment of the law of demand that states that the market demand is negatively related to the price.

Accounting is the process of identifying measuring and communicating economic information to permit informed judgments and decisions by users of information. It is therefore concerned with providing information that will help decision makers make good decisions.

Planning involves making choices between alternatives and is primarily a decision-making activity. The final two stages represent the control process, which is the process of measuring and correcting actual performance to ensure that the alternatives that are chosen and the plans for implementing them are carried out. Let us now consider each of the elements of the decision-making and control process.

Cost classification may be defined as ‘the arrangement of cost items in a logical sequence having regard to their nature and purpose to be fulfilled’. The term cost must be qualified when in use in order that it’s precise meaning is established in a particular situation; however, cost refers to the amount of resources that have been diverted from other uses or sacrificed so as to achieve the desired objective. But the term is used to refer to various aspects of cost; depending on the base of argument that one is approaching the issue from.

In this topic, you will learn to use cost estimating relationships to estimate and forecast costs. As the name implies, a cost estimating relationship (CER) is a technique used to estimate a particular cost or price by using an established relationship with an independent variable.

Computer is an electronic and digital device, it take data as input, process it and gives information as output and save it. Computer is used because it is more efficient and effective. Computer hardware is accessed through Software (operating System) computer is Extensible: means we can add any number of application software to this and extend its functionality. Versatile : means it is used in almost all places like hospitals, business, education, Research etc. Computer is not similar to any other electronic and digital machine but its Versatile and Extensible.

The purpose of this module is to equip students with knowledge on how Gender issues affect Human behavior and Society. It examines various theories of gender, stereotypes and the impact of gender prejudices on society.

This unit introduces you to the discipline of philosophy which is an activity of life. At the end of this unit you will realize that most people like philosophy if they understand it, and that most understand it if it is presented to them exhaustively. In this course, I have tried to make it simpler for you to understand philosophy as a service discipline.

The purpose of this module is to help you (the learner) to gain requisite knowledge and skills in the area of lifestyle diseases and rehabilitation.

Environmental psychology is an interdisciplinary field focused on the interplay between human’s actions or behaviors and their surroundings. The field defines the term environment broadly, encompassing natural environments, social settings, built environments, learning environments and informational environment.

Kazdin (2001) defines behavior modification as an approach to assessment, evaluation and alteration of behavior. Miltenberger (2012) on the other hand describes behavior modification as the field of psychology concerned with analyzing and modifying human behavior.

Leadership is similar to management in various ways as both involve influencing and working with people and are concerned with effective goal accomplishment. However, leadership is also different from management. The primary function of management in an organization is to provide order and consistency whereas leadership is to produce change and growth.

This sub- topic is intended to equip the learner with knowledge, skills and positive attitudes towards the understanding and appreciating the role of philosophy in human life and endeavors. It covers the definition, meaning, branches and uses of philosophy in the cultivation of better thinking and meaningful living.

This is a second year, first semester course that focuses on political theories that political science is grounded. The module aims at exposing you to different concepts, theories and ideologies. It will help you understand the difference between political theory and political science, evaluate the theories used in political inquiry, comprehend the concepts state, power and authority and differentiate the different political ideologies.

This is a second year, first semester course that focuses on political theories that political science is grounded. The module aims at exposing you to different concepts, theories and ideologies. It will help you understand the difference between political theory and political science, evaluate the theories used in political inquiry, comprehend the concepts state, power and authority and differentiate the different political ideologies.

Communication refers to the conveying of ideas from the mind of one person to the mind of another which takes place between two or more people, (Harding, 1985 ). Simply put, it implies that when a person has some idea, they can easily transfer this idea as it is, to another person’s mind or other people’s minds with no difficulty.

The main aim of this unit is to introduce you to the basic concepts used in descriptive statistics and elementary probability theory such as:- measures of central tendency, measures of dispersion, skewness and kurtosis, random variables, probability, conditional probability and univariate probability distributions.

This course is intended to introduce and expose the learners to the principles and concepts governing the practice of management. Management is a social science hence a complex and pervasive field and its practice is greatly affected by the situational factors that each manager faces.

The module is covered in Lectures. Each Lecture focuses on area in research. You will note that in each unit, there is an introduction, unit objectives, contents presented in subtopics, activities, summary and suggestions for further readings. This structure aims at making it easy for you to read the material more easily and logically.

Welcome to our very first lecture in this course. We will start by discussing the main theories of social change while all along relating these to development. In particular, we will look at the relevance of the theories to the African situation bringing out the relevant driving forces in social change such as the role of technology, education, politics, economy, rural-urban dichotomy, demographic factors and also gender. Our hope is that you will enjoy this lecture and also the exercises and activities that go with it.