Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are administered to patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis(RA) mainly to offer symptomatic relief (reduce inflammation and pain) hence preserve function

Factors that influence urine production include Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion. Many substances increase urine production by the normal kidney including dietary components such as water, osmotically active salts and sugars and xanthines

Errors are an integral part of human life. According to the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention, a medication error is defined as "any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the healthcare professional, patient, or consumer,”. Such events may be related to professional practice, healthcare products, procedures, and systems, including prescribing; order communication; product labeling, packaging and catalogue; compounding; dispensing; distribution; administration; education; monitoring; and use

Hypertension is a sustained state of higher-than normal BP that can lead to blood vessel damage and damage to small vessels in the organs. A decrease in blood flow to the kidneys triggers the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, by which the blood vessels constrict and water is retained. This activity increases blood pressure and restores blood flow to the kidney

The nervous system controls the body, analyzes external stimuli, and integrates internal and external responses to stimuli. • The neuron, comprising a cell body, dendrites and an axon, is the functional unit of the nervous system. • Dendrites route information to the nerve, and axons take the information away.

Respiratory muscles are stimulated to contract by the respiratory center in the medulla. • The medulla receives input from chemoreceptors to increase the rate and/or depth of respiration to maintain homeostasis in the body. • Drugs that affect the respiratory system work to keep the airways open and gases moving efficiently

Safe nursing practice requires understanding the legal framework of health care. Understanding the legal implications of nursing practice demands critical reasoning skills to protect the patient’s rights and the nurse from liability. Society expects safe health care delivery, especially from nurses who are typically perceived as the most trusted profession. As patient care practice innovations and new health care technologies emerge, the principles of negligence and malpractice liability are being applied to challenging new situations. Nurses should not fear the law but instead practice nursing armed with the judgment skills that are the outcomes of informed critical thinking.

Ethics: The word ethics is derived from a Greek term `ethos’ which means customs, convention or the spirit of a community. The word can be used interchangeably with the term morals a Latin word, both of which refer to social customs regarding Nursing Ethics. Bioethics: This is the application of general ethical principles to healthcare. Bioethics and Nursing Ethics both deal with ethical issues in Clinical practice, Research, Allocation of resources and Policy formulation and implementation. Nursing Ethics This is a system of principles governing the conduct of a nurse. It deals with the relationship of the nurse to the patient, the patient’s family, associates and fellow nurses and society at large. Nursing Ethics is derived/ expressed through: the law, institutional policies/ practices, and policies of professional organizations and professional standards of care.

A newborn baby's first examination is a physical assessment that evaluates the baby's health and looks for any congenital abnormalities or disease. The exam is performed by a doctor or specialist midwife within the first 72 hours of birth

External genitalia (vulva) Consists of: Labia majora Labia minora Clitoris Vaginal orifice Vestibule Hymen Vestibular glands

Although the skull appears to be 1 large bone, there are actually several major bones that are connected together. The major bones that compose the skull of a newborn include the following: 2 frontal bones 2 parietal bones 1 occipital bone These bony plates cover the brain and are held together by fibrous material called sutures. Sutures allow the bones to move during the birth process. They act like an expansion joint. This allows the bone to enlarge evenly as the brain grows and the skull expands. The result is a symmetrically shaped head. Some sutures extend to the forehead, while others extend to the sides and back of the skull. One suture in the middle of the skull extends from the front of the head to the back.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM): Comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the female genitalia or any other injury to the female genital organs or any harmful procedure to the female genitalia, for non-medical reasons and includes clitoridectomy, excision and infibulations but does not include a sexual reassignment or a medical procedure that has a genuine therapeutic purpose.(NATIONAL ADOLESCENT SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH POLICY 2015 ) • Comprises all procedures involving partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury tothe female genital organs whether for cultural or other non-therapeutic reasons.(WHO)

Body fluids contain water and solutes, the solutes are electrolytes e.g. Na+, K+, Cl- and non electrolytes e.g. glucose and urea. Osmolality is the concentration of solutes (electrolytes and proteins) per liter. Fluid homeostasis is present when fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained despite variation in dietary intake, metabolic rate and renal function.

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition where airways become inflamed thus they narrow, swell and produce extra mucus causing difficulty in breathing, recurring episodes of wheezing , chest tightness and coughing.

Is an act of giving a treatment, such as drug, to a patient. It includes the way it given, the dose or how often it is given. Drugs can be administered orally as liquids, capsules tablets or chewable. Understanding the rights of drug administration can help a nurse to provide effective and appropriate medication to a patient without any medication errors, ignoring these rights may lead to severe pain, sufferings and even death to the patients. Nurses, who primarily involved in the administration of drugs “medication”, benefit from this simplified memory aid to help them to administer medications safely with high quality.

Enhance your Grade 8 kiswahili teaching with Term 2 Rationalized Schemes of Work. Perfect resource for teachers. Reference Book.

Download Grade 4 Rationalised Creative Arts and Sports notes. The notes covers only one strand performance and display and should should be taught in term 2 grade 4. Get instant access via WhatsApp, email or direct download upon purchase.

The way you speak tells more about you than the way you dress. And of course changing one’s clothes is easier than altering your enunciation. But it is possible, with some effort, to train yourself to speak a language in a way that is not too divergent from the way native speaker do. This module is meant to help you to that end learning the English language.

This course provides the student with an introduction to the basic elements of modern microeconomics. The course provides coverage of the institutional background and the history of significant microeconomic ideas and issues in Kenya and around the world. It will develop an understanding of how microeconomics relates to practical life. Students are expected to apply the knowledge in other economics units. The study employs extensive use of diagrams and mathematical expressions in the illustration of concepts.

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