SQL stands for Structure Query Language which means a standard language for accessing and manipulating databases, etc

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Principles of Ecology entails knowledge a student should have in examining the ecosystems where various organisms exist in.

This unit deals with the history of physics which focuses on its origin, and its spread to other parts of the world. The unit then goes on to discuss the nature of physics and then finally examines the main contributions of physics to society.

Etymological definition The term “philosophy” is derived from a combination of two Greek words, namely philia (love) and Sophia (wisdom) meaning “love of wisdom.” You may therefore, define philosophy as “love of wisdom.” This definition has persisted for more than two thousand years. It is said that the first one to call himself a philosopher was Pythagoras, a Greek who lived somewhere between 570 and 495 B.C.E. and spent most of his life in southern Italy. He is of course known by his famous mathematical theorem. When once asked if he was wise, he replied that no one could be wise but a god, but that he was a lover of wisdom. To love something does not mean to possess it but to focus our life on it. Whereas Pythagoras introduced the term philosopher, it was Socrates who made it famous. For Socrates (467- 399 B.C.), love of wisdom entails the pursuit of truth and nothing but objective truth. He said that the philosopher was one who had a passion for wisdom and who was intoxicated by this love. For Plato (427-347, it is gaining the vision of absolute ideas, that is, one must be able to discover what the character of universal reality is. Aristotle (384-322), a follower of Plato reinforces the view when he stated that philosophy is the investigation of all things, which takes into account logical rules in the determination of the true nature of reality.

The course introduces the philosophical and epistemological aspects of research. It emphasizes the relevance of methodology for the study of and research in political sciences. Courses cover a wide range of issues from the philosophy of science and epistemology, through the nature and processes of science and the social sciences, history of political science and its status as a science, questions of theory and causation and how we study political science as a science. The following topics will be covered; the factors to consider in selecting a research topic in political science; topic formulation; research proposal writing; the conceptual foundation of research; literature review, significance and approaches; research design; target population, meaning, significance and how to select the research target population; meaning, significance of sample size and sampling techniques; data collection instruments and how to select appropriate ones; data presentation; the meaning and significance of data analysis; data analysis techniques. Further emphasis on explanation and prediction in social science and inter-paradigm debate in political science are elucidated.