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EFFECT OF FINTECH ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION OF SMES IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA
| Institution | Kisii National Polytechnic |
| Course | Business |
| Year | 3rd Year |
| Semester | Unknown |
| Posted By | MAKORI KERECHA |
| File Type | docx |
| Pages | |
| File Size | 123.83 KB |
| Views | 1376 |
| Downloads | 0 |
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Description
The general objective of the study was to investigate the effect of Fintech on the financial inclusion among small and medium enterprises in Nairobi County. To achieve this goal, the study was grounded on four objectives which included to assess the effect of online banking, to examine the effect of digital lending applications, to determine the effect of agency banking, and to establish the effect of mobile money services on financial inclusion among SMEs in Nairobi County. The study utilized a descriptive research design, while targeting a population of approximately 50,000 SMEs located within Nairobi County. Given the substantial number of SMEs, the research employed a stratified sampling method, using Slovin’s formula to select a representative sample of 400 respondents, SME owners, distributed across two distinct respondent categories.
On the first objective, respondents generally recognized that online banking has expanded their client base and enhanced their operational efficiency. They appreciated the reduced overhead costs and the lower costs compared to traditional banking methods. The convenience of managing financial transactions from anywhere at any time significantly improved, allowing business owners to focus more on their core activities. However, there were reservations about the speed and ease of accessing information through online platforms. On the second objective, digital lending applications were noted for providing quicker access to credit and facilitating faster information retrieval, which are crucial for timely business decisions. Despite these advantages, respondents were skeptical about the affordability of credit through these platforms. They also noted that while digital loans reduced the time needed to access funds, the overall costs were perceived to be lower than those associated with traditional banking. The convenience of using digital lending applications over traditional bank visits was recognized, though not overwhelmingly.
On the third objective, agency banking was well-received for its ability to speed up transactions and deposit processes. Respondents valued the extended working hours and the greater cost-effectiveness compared to traditional banking. The method was particularly praised for reducing transaction times and enhancing access to banking services, thus allowing business owners to dedicate more time to their businesses. The overall sentiment towards agency banking was favorable, highlighting its efficiency and convenience. On the fourth objective, mobile money was unanimously lauded for its role in facilitating accessible and convenient financial transactions. Respondents appreciated the ability to conduct transactions at any time and noted the speed at which they could access information and complete financial transactions. The cost-effectiveness of mobile money transactions compared to traditional methods was a significant advantage. Furthermore, the ease of receiving business payments and accessing bank accounts through mobile platforms greatly enhanced operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.
The analysis demonstrated that fintech services have a marked positive impact on financial inclusion. Online banking showed a significant influence, evidenced by a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.543 and an F-statistic of 137.818, with a p-value of 0.01, highlighting its strong statistical significance. Digital lending applications also made a positive impact, with a correlation coefficient of 0.627 and an F-statistic of 63.265, signaling very high significance with a p-value less than 0.001. Similarly, agency banking registered a correlation coefficient of 0.649 and an F-statistic of 239.128, with a p-value of 0.01, demonstrating its effectiveness. Mobile banking also contributed positively, reflected by a correlation coefficient of 0.621 and an F-statistic of 205.622, with a p-value less than 0.001.
The analysis concluded that online banking not only improves access to financial services and operational efficiency but also presents opportunities for further innovations to meet the evolving needs of small businesses. Digital lending applications provide SMEs with quick and straightforward access to capital. Agency banking effectively bridges service gaps in underserved areas, enhancing financial literacy and inclusion at the grassroots level. Enhancements in training, service offerings, and technology could amplify its benefits. Lastly, mobile banking transforms SME financial management by offering unparalleled convenience and rapid access to services.
To enhance financial inclusion for SMEs, it was recommended that financial institutions integrate advanced technologies like AI and blockchain into online banking and conduct regular training for SME owners to boost their engagement and trust. Additionally, fintech companies should expand digital lending with tailored loan products, simplify applications, and ease approval processes. For agency banking, expanding the agent network in rural areas with intensified training and offering incentives for remote operations is advised. Improving the usability and security of mobile banking applications, increasing smartphone penetration, and partnering with mobile network operators can also significantly benefit SME owners, especially in underserved regions. These initiatives aim to broaden the accessibility and impact of fintech solutions across diverse business sectors.
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Sensor bases detection system project report- electrical power option
SENSOR BASED DETECTOR AND MONITORING SYSTEM
ABSTRACT
With improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. One main area of research that has seen adoption of the technology is the healthcare sector. The people in need of healthcare services find it very expensive this is particularly true in developing countries. With improvement in technology previously expensive hospital equipment have been redesigned using current technology. The developments have seen a trend known as Remote healthcare or previously known as Telemedicine
As a result, this project was an attempt to solve a healthcare problem facing the society. The main objective of the project was to design a remote healthcare system. It was comprised of three main parts. The first part being detection of a fall, second being detection of Electrocardiogram commonly referred to as ECG or EKG(heartbeat detection) and the last part was providing the detected data for remote viewing. Remote viewing of the data enables a doctor or health specialist to monitor a patient’s health progress away from hospital premises.
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Design of a short circuit tester- electrical power option
short circuit has been a source of problems to the electrical components experienced by electrical technicians and engineers during the assembling of the evaluable components on the board. I have managed to come up with short circuit tester which will automatically detect and indicate the short circuit available in the assembled board. The main aim of coming with this project is to reduce the loss of life of people when short circuit occurs, maintain the life span of valuable components installed in the board and facilitate easy way of troubleshooting the component effect during the repair damaged equipment. The two NPN transistor BC547 is used in the project design to since the presence of short circuit in the electrical circuit. The designed buzzer will automatically have signaled hence turning on Red LED when there is Short circuit in the circuit under the tester thus creating awareness.
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Structural design of swimming pool project report-
swimming pool is a large room constructed where people eat meals and share ideas outside the meals time. The project focuses on the construction of a modern swimming pool that serves all the heart of our institution providing a space for social interaction. The swimming pool is more than just a place to eat; it is an important place where students and staff come together to share meals, ideas and experience. The proposed swimming pool will be designed to accommodate dietary need for people. It will feature sitting areas flexible dining spaces for events. The swimming pool will have different offices in it. It will have some rooms which will have catering places so as to enable the people with physical disabilities to access food and all members of the college community. It will be a place where the entire college will come to eat together showing togetherness. The construction of this swimming pool is an investment is overall well- being of college community. It promotes a sense of belonging. The researcher recommends that a construction of a modern swimming pool to solve the problems.
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DESIGN OF A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR KISII SCHOOL IN KISII CENTRAL DISTRICT- BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT
The study was todesign a water supply system for Kisii School in Kisii Central district. The study was guided by the following objectives mainly to increase access to safe adequate and sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene service delivery. And specifically to characterize and determine the quality of the available water sources, to determine water demand for the community and to design an effective water supply system. The project was carried out with in Ikamiro parish and covered a design and layout distribution of the pipes. The project consisted of design of accessing water demand for water supply, design of storage reservoirs, selecting suitable source and design pipe network system. Desk study was employed in collecting data related to Population of Kisii Ikamiira parish, operation and maintenance of water supply system among others. It included thorough search through the internet, reading the available journals, Lecture notes from KIU and different university concerning the subject under study. The Kenya Water Supply Design Manual second Edition (2000) was used in the design of the system. The researchers recommend that the local council authorities and the community should fully be involved in the implementation of the design alongside the contractors. This is to instill ownership of the scheme in the community minds and provide community members with the skills for the upcoming tasks.
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DESIGN OF ABOVE-GROUND EQUALIZATION WATER TANK- BUILDING AND CIVIL ENGINEERING PROJECT
Water is important for human beings; it is used for personal hygiene, drinking, food cooking, toilet-flushing and other domestic activities. In Kisii High School there is a problem of lack of water which causes inhabitants to suffer from all problem caused by insufficient water for daily use.
This project was selected to contribute in solving the serious problem concerning insufficient water in Eastern Province. The equalization water tank was designed to increase the available quantity of water to satisfy the population of students for at least four years.
During this research I used internet, books and other source of information to base my design standard requirements.
The calculation begins by considering the volume required, which is 2084.3 m3 with height of 6.2m, freeboard height= 0.2m,The section area of tank is 347.38m2 for the design of the whole tank to be accurate determined
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Structural and architerctural design of head offices, apartment and hotel G+7- civil and building project
The Structural and Architectural design G+7 buildings which include hotels, apartments, and head offices are the subject of this initiative. The goal is to reduce the building's negative environmental effects while optimising energy efficiency and occupant well-being through the use of eco-friendly materials and technologies.
Important elements consist of: Sustainable Materials: Reducing reliance on conventional building materials by using bio-based composites, locally sourced lumber, and recycled materials. Energy efficiency is the use of high-performance insulation, solar panels, and passive design techniques to reduce energy use and dependency. All the chapters and other main points in this project are numbered to help those who may need to use it, to easily reach an interesting section by omitting others.
This project also has been compiled referred to various document of many authors and by using equations provided in codes of practice, with a focus on British standard (BS). The analysis begins with the evaluation of all loads that are expected to be carried by the structure including its self-weight to determine the foundation’s dimensions. In the architectural design, the plans are conceived in order to show dimensions of building, and the shape of building also its height. About structural design, this project details only foundation by following BS 8110-1:1997 and BS 6399-1:1996. On the basis of the results, the detailed plans are presented.
The design criteria were conducted mainly based on British Standards (BS). The PROKON software and excel spread sheet was used for some design of member but in the most part I have been using the manually way.
Structural Design Details: 1. Slab Design: • The slab was designed with a cover of 25mm, a thickness of 30cm
Provided reinforcement: As = 452mm² with 4T12
The slab was evaluated for deflection and deemed satisfactory, with both maximum positive and negative moments being adequately resisted.
No shear reinforcement was required, as the shear stress (0.3 N/mm²) was well below the shear capacity (0.38 N/mm²).
2. Beam Design: • The beam was designed with a total height of 0.75cm, aligned with ly/12 and ly/8 requirements.
• Reinforcement provided: 7T16 bars (1407mm²).
3. Column Design: • The most loaded column (C-C2) was designed as a square column with dimensions of 400mm x 400mm.
Effective heights: 6000mm along the major axis, 3500mm along the minor axis.
The column was classified as a braced short column.
4. Footing Design: • The footing was designed for a soil bearing capacity of 250 kN/m².
• A square footing of 1.6m x 1.6m was selected, keeping the design stress within the soil’s bearing capacity.
5. Stair Design: • The stair was designed for a height of 3400mm between the ground and first floors, with a flight length of 3.3m at an angle of 27.9°.
The design included 11 risers and 10 goings, each 3300mm in dimension.
Moment for the flight: 30kNm. This detailed overview covers both the structural design aspects of the project, ensuring compliance with design standards while contributing to the growth of Camp Kisii’s urban landscape.
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Structural deisgn of G+2 building Case of residential apartment- building and Civil engineering project
In order to ensure the building stability, it was necessary to determine the adequate dimensions of structural elements; this project deals with the calculation and design of reinforced concrete structure. Several figures and tables have been used to illustrate the text and contribute to a better understanding of the subject matter.
The proposed apartment building is 23.25 m x 18 m dimensions. It is three-storey building and it has bedrooms, living rooms, dining rooms and bathrooms. The height of each floor is 3.20 m.
All the building members (slabs, columns, foundations and stair) are calculated by analytical method by using the basic knowledge in civil engineering.
The height of the beam is 55 cm; its width is 20 cm whereas the width of flange is 90.7 cm for longitudinal beams. The maximum and minimum bar of reinforcement bar at top for all beams is Ø16 the same to the reinforcement at bottom.
The critical panel of slab was designed, slab thickness is 15cm the maximum size of reinforcement bar is Ø12mm .The high loaded column was designed and the maximum reinforcement bar size is Ø25mm.Links of Ø8 mm at 300 mm center to center were provided to hold main reinforcement bars.
Foundation were designed by considering the bearing capacity Pb= 320 KN/m2 and designed upper load from columns. Each designed foundation is 200*200*50 cm and the maximum reinforcement bar is Ø20 mm in foundation.
In order to provide access from floor to next floor stair was designed .Going of stair is 300 mm, riser is 150 mm, the flight height is 160 cm and its pitch is 29.530, that stair is reinforced by Ø16 mm.
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Architectural and Structural Design ofThree-Storey Modern Market Building- building and Civil engineering project
This dissertation is a detailed study entitled "Architectural and Structural Design ofThree-Storey Modern Market Building: Case Study of Kisii Central District." The object in question is a three-storey modern market building measuring 52.153 length x42.995 width with main features like balconies, washrooms, bedrooms, verandahs, and kitchens. Each floor stands at a height of 3.80 m. The structural analysis applied general principles in civil engineering to carefully design key items such as beams, slabs, columns, foundations, and stairs. The longitudinal had a depth of 800 mm and a width of 300 mm, with a wing width of 907 mm using Ø40 mm reinforcement bars both on the upper and lower sides. Slabs were divided into three categories, namely continuous and discontinuous. Slabs had 15 cm thickness and were supported by Ø12 mm reinforcement bars.
Columns of the mix contained Ø40 mm bars with Ø8 mm links at 144 mm centre to centre.
The bearing capacity Pb = 400 KN/m 2 was used for the foundation design, which gave the foundation dimensions 4000*4000*500 mm, reinforced with Ø20 mm bars as the significant reinforcement. Stairs providing access between the floors were constructed with a going of 305 mm and a riser of 160 mm. The flights rose 200 cm with a pitch of 29.53 0. The reinforcement included Ø16 mm bars at the bottom and Ø8 mm bars at the top.
This dissertation presents a detailed study of the structural details involved in the construction of a three-story apartment building. It gives insight into the best construction practices through careful analysis and design, considering a context that differs from any other: the Kisii Central District.
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ASSESSMENT OF CLAIMS MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN THE CASE OF AFRICA INSURANCE SHARE COMPANY- BUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT
purpose of this study is to assessment of claims management practices in case of AIC. The research’s particular emphasis was given to non-life /general insurance business of the company. The study tried to answer the questions that; what are the main factors of claims settlement dalliance in AIC, how claims management practices are source of customer compliance, how efficient is the claims management practice in AIC and what are the main reasons of claims rejection in Africa insurance company. The general objective of the study is to investigate claims management processes and practices of claims management. The study employed cross-sectional survey design in which 315 external customers selected randomly and 88 internal customers (i.e., staffs) involved in the claim process were the subject of the study by administering specially designed questionnaires. The results obtained suggest that the prevailing claims handling process is a major problem area affecting customers’ satisfaction that need to be overhauled. The clients of AIC believed that lack of updated and clear claims management manuals and procedures, lack of skilled, knowledgeable, experienced and committed claim staff and in claims service are the key challenges in AIC. More importantly, centralized claims management, external and internal effects of immoral behavior of the clients, surveyors, garages, spare part dealers, and internal employees along with sluggish interdepartmental/work units/ communications towards claims management were the major issues in the company. Poor compliant handling system of the company, delay of claims management from notification up to settlement to claimants, lack of intensive standard training for claims staff, and lack of work standard for internal employees, external surveyors and garages decelerates the rate at which quality service is delivered in the company. Thus, it’s recommended based on the finding that the AIC should create an effective, transparent and customer-oriented means to standardize the services, educate the customers, decentralize the claim unit and make use of the standard monitoring mechanism as per the strategies and policies of the company so as to maximize the level of satisfaction of motor claimants. The study suggests that to solve the claims settlement problems should begin from underwriting and the policies should be have an Amharic version and the management should also solve the problems of claims department centralization and dalliance problems. In addition the company should provide timely response for its customers and the investigation process should do in good cooperation with in claims department.
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ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PRACTICES AND CHALLENGES THE CASE OF DEBUB GLOBAL BANK - BUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT
The paper is designed to Assess the Employees’ Performance Appraisal Practice and Challenges i n Debub Global Bank S.C .On the basis of data collected through questionnaires and interview; the researcher have tried to disclose some of the real problems of performance appraisal practice based on the opinion of the respondents in this Bank. The questionnaire was distributed to 68 employees of the bank working in head office: in which 54 were fully completed and returned. The questionnaire was distributed to the employee’s on the basis of simple random sampling based on respondent willingness and cooperation of the respondents. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 23.On the basis of the data obtained from the respondents, lack of clarity of performance appraisal standards inadequacy to reflect the performance of the employees’ jobs and duties, and manager related problems are identified at Debub Global bank S.C.
In Addition, the researcher has discovered that evaluators usually do not continually record or document the performance of employees over the evaluation period. In this regard, it was identified that evaluators evaluate the performance of employees on the basis of recent behaviors’.
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher has recommended that Performance appraisal standard should be revised in participation of the employees for they are the actual persons who do the job and evaluated. In order to explain employees who do not know why performance evaluation is conducted the Bank’s management should create awareness on purpose of performance appraisal. The Bank’s HR directorate should follow up those raters who are not having file and support those using it now. The Bank’s management should give training to supervisors and managers who are responsible for conducting performance evaluation. This will boost raters’ ability to assess and advance raters’ unfairness.
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