The Word statistics has been derived from Latin word “Status” or the Italian word “Statista”, the meaning of these words is “Political State” or a Government. Early applications of statistical thinking revolved around the needs of states to base policy on demographic and economic data.

Econometrics is the social science in which roots for economic theory, mathematics and statistical inference are applied to analyse economic phenomena. It uses mathematical and statistical methods to quantify economic theories. it involves estimation of unknown parameters and making statistical inference regarding the parameters

The student solution manual provides worked solutions and answers to only the odd-numbered problems given at the end of the chapter sections. In addition to the material contained in the student solution manual, this instructor manual therefore provides worked solutions and answers to the even-numbered problems given at the end of the chapter sections together with all of the supplementary problems at the end of each chapter.

To the surprise of many students, statistics is a fairly significant part of a psychological education. To the surprise of no-one, statistics is very rarely the favourite part of one’s psychological education. After all, if you really loved the idea of doing statistics, you’d probably be enrolled in a statistics class right now, not a psychology class. So, not surprisingly, there’s a pretty large proportion of the student base that isn’t happy about the fact that psychology has so much statistics in it. In view of this, I thought that the right place to start might be to answer some of the more common questions that people have about stats. . .

A Statistician collects information for variables, which describe the situation. A variable is a characteristics or attribute that can assume different values. That is Data are values, measurements or observations that the variables can assume. Variables whose values are determined by chance are called random variable.

Let X and Y be discrete random variables, denoted by x a realizable value of X and by y a realizable value of Y. let the probability that X takes values x and Y takes values y be denoted by P( ) X = x,Y = y Then the function f ( ) ( ) x, y = P X = x,Y = y is said to be the joint probability function of X and Y if it satisfies the following two conditions

Social statistics is the use of statistical measurement tools to study human/social behavior in a social environment. This can be accomplished through drawing a particular group of people, evaluating a particular subset of data obtained about a group of people, or by observation and statistical analysis of a set of data that relates to people and their behaviours.

Statistics is the science of data. This involves collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical information.

There are two main branches of statistics: descriptive and inferential. Descriptive statistics is used to say something about a set of information that has been collected only. Inferential statistics is used to make predictions or comparisons about a larger group (a population) using information gathered about a small part of that population.

You can manually enter data directly into SPSS Statistics by using the Data Editor. In the example below, we enter four pieces of information (name, birthday, height, gender) for each of four subjects. To open the Data Editor window, start up the SPSS Statistics program and Cancel the opening screen, which asks you what file to open.