Reasoning refers to the mental process of drawing conclusions, making decisions, or solving problems based on available information. It involves evaluating evidence, considering alternatives, and forming judgments. Uncertainty, on the other hand, arises when there is a lack of complete knowledge or clarity, making it difficult to predict outcomes or make definitive decisions. In reasoning, uncertainty can influence the confidence and reliability of conclusions, often requiring individuals to incorporate probabilistic thinking, assumptions, or estimation in the absence of perfect information. Balancing reasoning with an understanding of uncertainty is crucial for effective decision-making in complex or ambiguous situations.