This document discusses research and its characteristics. It defines research as a systematic investigation to search for new facts or solutions to problems. Research is scientific in nature and uses a systematic methodology. There are two main types of research - basic research which expands knowledge and applied research which solves practical problems. Good scientific research follows key principles - it is objective, uses empirical data, allows for generalization of findings, and can be used to develop new theories.

Research is a serious academic activity with a set of objectives to explain or analyse or understand a problem or finding solution(s) for the problem(s) by adopting a systematic approach in collecting, organizing and analyzing the information relating to the problem.

This document contains a question bank on research methodology covering 6 units: 1. Introduction to research - defining research, differences between methods and methodology, objectives of research, research process, criteria for good research. 2. Research design - meaning and significance, differences from problem approach, exploratory vs descriptive design, research hypotheses, experimental designs. 3. Sampling methods - sample design, probability vs non-probability sampling, random sampling, stratified sampling, sampling bias, sample size. 4. Data collection methods - primary vs secondary data, surveys, questionnaires, interviews, observation, case studies, attitudes measurement techniques. 5. Attitude measurement and scaling - types of scales, sources of error,

The purpose of the course is to introduce students to the key development research issues necessary to critically use and evaluate qualitative and quantitative data. The course unit aims to provide an understanding of the underlying principles of development research methodology that will complement and extend the more specialized knowledge students derive from their professional or academic disciplinary background. The course will focus on different kinds of research methodologies, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and how these can be integrated.