Computer facial animation involves creating realistic and expressive movements of a character’s face using digital tools and techniques. This process typically starts with a 3D model of the face, which is rigged with a set of control points or "blend shapes" that correspond to different facial expressions or phonetic movements. Using keyframe animation or motion capture data, animators manipulate these controls to simulate emotions, speech, and other facial interactions. Advanced techniques like facial tracking and artificial intelligence can be used to enhance realism by closely mimicking human muscle movements and facial expressions. This technology is widely used in film, video games, and virtual reality to create lifelike characters that can convey complex emotions and communicate effectively.