In distributed systems, nodes communicate by sending messages, invoking remote procedures, sharing memory, or using sockets. These methods allow nodes to exchange data and coordinate actions, enabling effective collaboration towards common goals.

Fusing theory with advice and information about the practicalities of translating, Becoming a Translator is the essential resource for novice and practicing translators.

Web applications evolved from Web sites or Web systems. The first Web sites, created by Tim Berners-Lee while at CERN (the European Laboratory for Particle Physics), formed a distributed hypermedia system that enabled researchers to have access to documents and information published by fellow researchers, directly from their computers. Documents were accessed and viewed with a piece of software called a browser, a software application that runs on a client computer. With a browser, the user can request documents from other computers on the network and render those documents on the user’s display. To view a document, the user must start the browser and enter the name of the document and the name of the host computer where it can be found. The browser sends a request for the document to the host computer. The request is handled by a software application called a Web server, an application usually run as a service, or daemon, that monitors network activity on a special port, usually port 80. The browser sends a specially formatted request for a document (Web page) to the Web server through this network port. The Web server receives the request, locates the document on its local file system, and sends it back to the browser; see Figure 2-1. This Web system is a hypermedia system because the resources in the system are linked to one another. The term Web comes from looking at the system as a set of nodes with interconnecting links. From one viewpoint, it looks like a spider’s web. The links provide a means to navigate the resources of the system. Most of the links connect textual documents, but the system can be used to distribute audio, video, and custom data as well. Links make navigation to other documents easy. The user simply clicks a link in the document, and the browser interprets that as a request to load the referenced document or resource in its place.

Before emergency of .NET framework, programmers used a number of tools to write programmers as depicted before Windows GUI development: Win32 API, MFC, Visual Basic, COM Web development: ASP

Before getting deeply into the subject we will first know how Businesses are related to Internet, what .NET means to them and what exactly .NET is built upon. As per the product documentation from a Business perspective, there are three phases of the Internet. The First phase gets back to the early 1990's when Internet first came into general use and which brought a big revolution for Businesses. In the First phase of the Internet Businesses designed and launched their Website's and focused on the number of hits to know how many customers were visiting their site and interested in their products, etc. The Second phase is what we are in right now and in this phase Businesses are generating revenue through Online Transactions. We are now moving into the Third phase of the Internet where profit is the main priority. The focus here is to Businesses effectively communicate with their customers and partners who are geographically isolated, participate in Digital Economy and deliver a wide range of services. How can that be possible? The answer, with .NET

NET is a platform that provides a standardized set of services. It’s just like Windows, except distributed over the Internet. It exports a common interface so that it’s programs can be run on any system that supports .NET.

In many economic analysis, variables are assumed to be related by sets of linear equations. Matrix algebra provides a clear and concise notation for the formulation and solution of such problems, many of which would be complicated in conventional algebraic notation. The concept of determinant and is based on that of matrix. Hence we shall first explain a matrix.

Environment influence and shaped our life. It is from the environment that we get food to eat, water to drink, air to breathe and all necessities of day to day life are available from our environment. Thus it is the life support system. Hence the scope & importance of the environment can be well understood.

Ethical hacking is an authorized attempt to gain unauthorized access to a computer system, application, or data using the strategies and actions of malicious attackers. This practice helps identify security vulnerabilities that can then be resolved before a malicious attacker has the opportunity to exploit them.

Download questions and answers to the unit Ethical Hacking and be a head of others with elaborative answers . Q1. a) Define the following terms as used in Ethical Hacking (5 Marks) i) Hacking - Hacking refers to the unauthorized access or manipulation of computer systems, networks, or data. ii) Ethical Hacking - Ethical Hacking involves the authorized use of hacking techniques to identify and fix vulnerabilities in systems to prevent unauthorized access or data breaches. iii) Ping Sweep - Ping Sweep is a technique used to identify active devices on a network by sending ICMP echo requests (pings) to a range of IP addresses and waiting for responses. iv) Inverse TCP Flag Scanning - Inverse TCP Flag Scanning is a technique used to identify systems that are not vulnerable to certain types of attacks by exploiting the TCP protocol's behavior.