Emergency light is an integral part of household electronics nowadays. We all Emergency light is used during the power failure to light up the home. As it is used during the power failure, it should last long, hence generally bright white LEDs are used in emergency light, because they produce more light and consume less power. Emergency light is very useful and popular project in DIY section. So today we are going to build a simple and cost effective emergency light. In this emergency light circuit, when the Power goes OFF, the emergency light activates automatically. We have used four bright white LEDs; more LEDs can be added to produce more light considering that total current consumption should not exceed the supply current. Ultra bright white LED consumes 3v and 20mA current.

The research was carried out purposely to come up with a well-established, quality and unique evening wear. The research will give out the basic information and skills regarding well grooming. A presentable evening garment design will be made from research Literature was review on managing the behavior of fast moving customers and the rising demand on trends and pocket friendly evening dress that will help designers improve their effectiveness in the field of designing. The research was carried out in various places that is; parties, events, markets, and in various garment making industries in Nairobi. Their way to face to face questioning that is mostly in parties and events. There was also use of questionnaires The research mostly targeted people who like partying and event managers. An evening dress depends on the type of an event that one is going to attend. The researcher came into conclusion that evening dress are liked by many, since nowadays most ladies love partying: most evening wear in market today are expensive to this project will help the ladies toafford this

This circuit is based on IR sensor where an infrared beam is continuously falling on a photodiode and whenever this infrared beam breaks by any kind of movement alarm is triggered. Infrared sensor consist an infrared LED and photodiode in which IR LED emits infrared radiation and photodiode detects the radiation photodiode conducts current in reverse direction whenever light falls on it and voltages across it changes this voltages charge is sensed by voltages comparator i.e.(LM358) and generates output accordingly. In this infrared based security alarm circuit we have placed infrared LED in front of photodiode so that IR light can directly falls in photodiode. Whenever someone moves through this beam IR rays stop falling on photodiode and Buzzer start beeping . Buzzer automatically stops after sometimes as buzzer is connected to 55 timer in mono stable mode.

Managing the student’s accommodation application process at Maasai Mara Technical Training Institute is a complex and time-sensitive task. This research work deals with the problems of managing and allocating hostels to students in Maasai Mara Technical Training Institute and to avoid the problems which occur when carried out manually. The aim of this research work “Online Hostel Management System” is to develop a web based system with a central database that will automatically allocate rooms to students, manage records related to the hostel, the system designed will keep track of all the available hostel rooms, their occupants and fund generated from hostel fee. Information for this research work was collected from two forms of data which are primary and secondary data. These are done by semi structured interviews and exploitation of the services of the library from textbooks, journals, internet and other materials for purpose of better understanding. The new system was implemented using PHP and MySQL. The result of the research is a Hostel Management and Allocation System for Maasai Mara Technical Training Institute.

The Online Vehicle Parking Reservation System (OVPRS) is a system that enables customers/drivers to reserve a parking space. It also allows the customers/drivers to view the parking status at kyebando people’s park. It was developed because the congestion and collision of the vehicle, thesystem was developed for Kyebando People’s Park located in KyebandoTherefore the project aimed at solving such problems by designing a web based system that will enable the customers/drivers to make a reservation of available parking space at people’s park. The requirements for the developed system were collected using observation and interviewing the customer and staff member from Kyebando people’s park. The data from interviews was analyzed using Microsoft Excel so as to come up with the functional, non- functional and system requirements. These requirements were later used to design the system by creating data flow diagrams and entity relationship diagrams. The designed system was implemented using different development tools which include HTML for creating interfaces, CSS for styling wed pages ,JavaScript, and Jquery for dynamism in the web pages and as an input validation tool.XAMMP was used to build the database and PHP used as a server side scripting language to connect the user interfaces to the database. The system was tested by the researchers for errors.

The scope of this project is to design, develop and test a power supply capable of taking an ac voltage and convert it into a regulated low voltage. The main working of this project is a full wave rectification which is done by bridge configuration in which four diodes are used to rectify the output the step-down transformer which steps down the voltage from 240v to 12 V.A Voltage Regulator is then used which gives a constant voltage. The main task is to get variable output by using the pair of voltage divider resistance to increase the output of the regulator in which the resistance is variable. So when increasing or decreasing the resistance of the resistor, also the voltage varies from 1Vto 12 V.The circuit also uses capacitors C1 and C2 to get constant input voltage to the regulator and also is used tosmoothen the rectified voltage to output.The power supply will be connected to the Zener voltage regulator that could supply to the load.

The essential use of 12V lead acid batteries in automobile engines to power incorporated electrical appliances, and also the sudden failure of vehicle charging systems that often give rise to a drain of battery cells has necessitated the construction of battery chargers suitable for fully restoring the lost charge into the required 12V battery cells. Most 12V battery charging devices built for commercial services are usually heavy and bulky and lack a protection circuit and a sensitized control circuit required for automatic deactivation of charging once the battery is fully charged. In this new design product, the size of the battery charger was made portable and light in weight to enable end users to convey it as easily as possible. Short circuits and current reverse protection were incorporated as well. A sensitized control circuit was implemented to ensure that charging is terminated immediately when the battery is fully charged. This is to avoid the possible occurrence of overcharging that may result in loss of electrolytes. In this report the components used to actualize the design work were listed and the design specifications were tabulated with the circuit diagram well detailed. The operational principle of the built charger clearly explains how the design objectives were reached. An adopted formula with example on how to calculate the charging time of a battery when using the product was derived. Design limitations, recommendations, and conclusion were stated. Various relevant tests were conducted with its corresponding results tabulated. Finally, a well labeled image which lays out views of the completely constructed battery charger is attached in order to appreciate the effort and the value of the design work. (Keywords: AC power supply, rectification, charging, deactivation, full charge) Considering, the compact shape of the battery charger, with very low ventilation an extractor fan was incorporated to drive away hot air and moisture that would be generated inside the charger compartment during operation.

DC voltage step is a type of electrical circuit that has ability to convert 1.5v to 12 v DC from a 1.5 battery without necessitating the use of transformers or customized integrated circuits. The very center of this circuit is undoubtedly an oscillator created close to a couple of transistors (t1and t2) that regulates a coil.

An A.C and D.C fluorescent tube is useful for emergency blackout as it works on D.C as well, this saves the production process under lightings. This project comprises A.C components as well as D.C components under improved conditions, this makes it useful in both urban and rural areas. When A.C power is off user can supply it with D.C power to light the house or place as well Although fluorescent lamp is a very efficient lighting device in daily life, still the high harmonic distortion and low power factor cause unnecessary energy consumption. In today’s environment demanding energy efficiency, it is important to reduce this energy loss by integrating an energy saving controller in the electromagnetic ballast of fluorescent lamps. The research presented in this thesis investigates the design and implementation of a new energy saving controller for electromagnetic fluorescent lamp network. The newly developed controller attempts to reduce power losses in both the electromagnetic ballasts and fluorescent lamps by regulating the incoming supply voltage to an optimum level. In addition, the new controller is able to adjust the illuminance level of working environment lightings under either dark or bright condition. Moreover, the function of the new controller is extended with time scheduling control capability, where the switching of lighting systems can be controlled at predetermined times based on occupancy schedule. Both simulation and practical results show that the implemented controller reduces energy consumption by at least 37.5%, by reducing the incoming supply voltage by 15%. In addition, it is desirable to have variable illuminance level control to decrease the energy losses. The experimental results show that the illuminance output level of electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps can be decreased by 50% using the new controller while maintaining unity power factor. Integration of the new energy saving controller into electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps impressively outperforms the existing electronic dimmable ballast. This new controller brings great ideas for energy saving in the use of fluorescent lamps. Keyword: energy saving, illuminance level control, voltage control, electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps

SENSOR BASED DETECTOR AND MONITORING SYSTEM ABSTRACT With improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. One main area of research that has seen adoption of the technology is the healthcare sector. The people in need of healthcare services find it very expensive this is particularly true in developing countries. With improvement in technology previously expensive hospital equipment have been redesigned using current technology. The developments have seen a trend known as Remote healthcare or previously known as Telemedicine As a result, this project was an attempt to solve a healthcare problem facing the society. The main objective of the project was to design a remote healthcare system. It was comprised of three main parts. The first part being detection of a fall, second being detection of Electrocardiogram commonly referred to as ECG or EKG(heartbeat detection) and the last part was providing the detected data for remote viewing. Remote viewing of the data enables a doctor or health specialist to monitor a patient’s health progress away from hospital premises.