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Perineal tears
| Institution | University |
| Course | BACHELOR OF SCIENCE... |
| Year | 1st Year |
| Semester | Unknown |
| Posted By | stephen oyake rabilo |
| File Type | |
| Pages | 15 Pages |
| File Size | 834.55 KB |
| Views | 1891 |
| Downloads | 0 |
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Description
Perineal tears are injuries that occur in the perineal area (the region between the vaginal opening and the anus).
• They are classified based on their severity and the structures
involved.
Risk factors
• Large baby (macrosomia)
• Instrumental delivery (forceps or vacuum)
• Primigravida
• Prolonged second stage of labour
• Shoulder dystocia
• Previous perineal tears
Below is the document preview.
Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH)
PPH Refers to excessive bleeding from the genital
tract after birth of the baby, up to 6(six) weeks or 42 days postpartum.
Description
• Excessive bleeding from the birth canal after 2ndstage of labour and within the puerperium period.
• It amounts to 500 ml or more, or any volume that causes deterioration of maternal condition.
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URINARY SYSTEM ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
COMPONENTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
A: Anatomical
1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Urinary bladder
4. Urethra
COMPONENTS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM
A: Functional
1. Secretory units the
nephrons
2. Urine collecting units
•Kidneys have both*
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CORD PROLAPSE
Its when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part. The concern is that pressure on the cord from
the baby will compromise blood flow to the baby
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Download full notes ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM that will equip informative and insightful information on matter reproductive system of male .
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ACUTE INVERSION OF THE UTERUS
Refers to a condition where the uterus partly or completely turns inside out, such that the inner surface of the fundus prolapses to appear at the internal cervical os level for the mild, mid-way in the vagina for the moderate and at the vaginal introitus or on the vulva for the severe.
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Rupture of the Uterus
• Rupture of the uterus is a serious complication, which should
not occur in today’s obstetric care where there is good prenatal and intra partum care.
• Its is one of the most serious complications in midwifery &
obstetrics.
• It is often fatal for the foetus & may also be responsible for the
death of the mother
• It remains a significant problem worldwide. However, with
effective antenatal and intrapartum care, some cases may be
avoided.
22 Pages
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1.01 MB
Primary Post Partum Hemorrhage
Primary (Immediate) PPH
Definition
• It’s excessive bleeding occurring during 3
rd stage or any
time within the first 24 hours of delivery.
Major causes
• Uterine atony or atonic uterus (Tone /tissue = 70% )
• Trauma along the genital tract. ( Trauma = 20% )
• Blood coagulation disorder. ( Thrombin = 1% )
(4 Ts – Tone, Tissue, Trauma, Thrombin)
44 Pages
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AMNIOTIC FLUID EMBOLISM
It is a rare condition, but highly fatal. (5th most common
cause of maternal mortality.). It is a severe obstetrical emergency which occurs either as the first stage ends, though rare, or shortly after separation of the placenta. In either situation, the uterus is injured (torn) or uterine sinuses do not close instantly. So some
amniotic fluid is forced into the maternal circulation by the strong uterine contractions hence embolism.
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Nursing Theories and Models
These are organized bodies of knowledge to define what nursing is,
what nurses do, and why they do it
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Patients’ Rights and Responsibilities
Right to emergency treatment in a health facility
• In emergency situations irrespective of the patient’s ability to pay for treatment, treatment to stabilize the patient’s condition shall be provided
• Right to be informed of all the provisions of one’s medical
scheme/health insurance policy
• Anyone enjoying the provisions of medical cover is entitled to know all the privileges accorded and also entitled to challenge, where and if necessary, the contents and decisions of the medical scheme and health insurance policy
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