This is a summary of the practicals, steps and procedures done in fourth year of study in many universities in Kenya

Bone marrow is found in the medullary cavities - the centres of bones. The bone marrow is where circulating blood cells are produced – a process known as haematopoiesis. Early on in a human’s life, this takes place in many bones, but during development haematopoiesis increasingly centres on flat bones so that by puberty, blood production takes place predominantly in the sternum, vertebrae, iliac bones and ribs. Bone marrow undergoing haematopoiesis is coloured red due to the presence of red blood cells, whereas bone marrow that is not undergoing haematopoiesis is yellow. The red marrow consists of long trabeculae (beam-like structures) within a sponge-like reticular framework. Spaces around this framework are filled with fat cells, stromal fibroblasts and blood cell precursors

An entrepreneur is a person who starts an enterprise and converts a situation into opportunity. He/she searches for change and responds to it. A number of definitions have been given of an entrepreneur. The economists view him/her as the fourth factor of production, along with land labour and capital.

Project in general refers to a new endeavor with specific objective and varies so widely that it is very difficult to precisely define it. Some of the commonly quoted definitions are as follows. Project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service or result.

Community development helps to build community capacity in order to address issues and take advantage of opportunities, find common ground and balance competing interests. It doesn’t just happen capacity building requires both a conscious and a conscientious effort to do something (or many things) to improve the community.

The participants of this training should have knowledge on creating working folders for data storage, navigating through the working folders to get and store data working with Qgis tools and basic skills of navigating GIS data on Qgis.

This course provides the basics for trainees by introducing essential project management concepts and methods. The trainees will learn how to identify project components, organize them effectively and control the project from the earliest steps of developing the project charter through the final steps of a project-documentation and execution.

Project Management is the dynamic process utilizing the appropriate resources of the organization in a controlled and structured manner, employed to achieve a change clearly defined with specific objectives identified as strategic needs.

A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties.

Oxygen sag or the oxygen sag curve refers to the reduction in dissolved oxygen plotted over a distance along a water body from a point at which sewage or other pollutants have been discharged. The phenomenon of oxygen sag is usually related to the release of organic pollutants or nutrient elements, which promote the growth of oxygen-consuming microorganisms.