SZL 211: HIV/AIDS JOMO KENYATTA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY revision past paper YEAR ONE EXAMINATION FOR DISTANCE LEARNING STUDENTS

General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeciency virus/ Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome(HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis. Discordant couples. Treatment and Management; nutrition, prevention and control; Abstain, Be faithful, Condom use, Destigmatize HIV/AIDS (ABCD) methods and an-tiretroviral drugs and vaccines. Pregnancy and AIDS. Management of HIV/AIDS patients. Social and cultural practices: Religion and AIDS. Social stigma on HIV/AIDS. Behavioral change. Voluntary Counseling and Testing Services. Gender and HIV/AIDS. Drug and alcohol abuse and HIV/AIDS. Poverty and AIDS. Families and AIDS orphans. Government policies: Global policies of AIDS. Legal rights of AIDS patients. AIDS Impact: Family /society setup, population, agriculture, education, health, industry, development, economy and other sectors.

General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis. Discordant couples. Treatment and Management; nutrition, prevention and control; Abstain, Be faithful, Condom use, Destigmatize HIV/AIDS (ABCD) methods

Sex education, also called sexuality education or sex and relationships education. It's the process of acquiring information and forming attitudes and beliefs about sex, sexual identity, relationships and intimacy. It is also about developing young people's skills so that they make informed choices about their behavior, and feel confident and competent about acting on these choices. It is widely accepted that young people have a right to sex education, partly because it is a means by which they are helped to protect themselves against abuse, exploitation, unintended pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS.

Immune system is a system of biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against diseases by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells. The immune system is made up of organs that are involved in fighting invasion by foreign bodies.

HIV can’t grow or reproduce on its own. It requires cell of living organisms to infect & reproduce. HIV is specific to CD4+ cells in the human body i.e. cells with surface molecule called Cluster of Differentiation 4. Cells carrying this molecule are called CD4+ cells. Therefore HIV cant survive in the animal blood, because its only human blood that contains CD4+cells. HIV is a lentivirus. Like all viruses in this group it attacks the immune system. Lentiviruses are in turn part of a larger group of viruses called retroviruses. The term ”retrovirus” stems from the fact that these kinds of viruses are capable of copying RNA into DNA. The name lentivirus means slow virus. This is because they take such a longtime to produce any adverse effects in the body.

HIV infects cells of the immune system and the central nervous system. The main cell HIV infects is T helper cell which is a crucial part of the immune system, because it co-ordinates the actions of other cells of the immune system. A large reduction in the number of T helper cells seriously weakens the immune system.

General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deciency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Compara- tive information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis.

General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis.

General introduction: Public health and hygiene, human reproductive system, sex and sexuality. History of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs); History of Human Immunodeficiency virus/Acquired Immune deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS), Comparative information on trends, global and local distribution, Justification of importance of course. Biology of HIV/AIDS; Overview of immune system, natural immunity to HIV/AIDS. The AIDS virus and its life cycle, disease progression, transmission and diagnosis. Discordant couples.