The word photography was coined in 1839 from the Greek terms 'phos' for light and graphs meaning to write or draw or record. photography is therefore nothing more than graphic recording of light energy of different intensities. the scope of photography is now understood to include all processes that are used to record the action of radiant energy on different forms of matter.

This is a very exciting course which many social science scholars have termed as the Queen Mother of all social sciences. Many people not schooled in sociology liken it to socialization which is incorrect. Socialization is a small part of sociology and shall be covered in due course. In this course all sociological concepts will be introduced to you. This is an interactive instructional module that uses both action and collaborative learning styles that provide you with diverse online learning experiences and effective learning processes. The key purpose of this module is to expose you basic sociological concepts and knowledge enough to illuminate your interest in social sciences and particularly sociology. The intention is to equip you with the necessary intellectual infrastructure to analyze societal structures and processes with the aim of creating and furthering positive reform

It contains all the notes related to database and database management systems.

In this lesson we will discuss mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, and also probability.

Moments are popularly used to describe the characteristics of a distribution and are measured about a point.

The measures of central tendency are not sufficient measures to reveal the shape of the distribution of data set. The measures that show the spread of a data set are called the measures of dispersion. The main measures of dispersion are range, inter quartile range, standard deviation, variance and coefficient of variation. In this lesson we will discuss these measures of dispersion.

Statistics is the science of data. This involves collecting, classifying, summarizing, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting numerical information.

One of main objectives of statistical analysis is to obtain one single value that describes the characteristic of the entire mass of unwieldy data. Such a value is called the central value or average value. In this lesson we will consider some of central values which are commonly used.

In this lesson we will discuss the other measures of location or measures of central tendency namely, geometric mean, harmonic mean, median and mode of given data.

Sociological activity in the United States from about World War I until recently de-emphasized theory. Instructor and teacher and researcher were largely concerned with teaching or learning or digging up factual information about this or that aspect of society, especially American society, and were often prone to identify "theory" with philosophy and even idle speculation. Empirically established facts, they sometimes seemed to say, speak for themselves and-if we gather enough of them-their voices will constitute a sociological science.