Deviation is a measure of difference between the observed value of a variable and some other value, often that variable's mean. The sign of the deviation (positive or negative), reports the direction of that difference (the deviation is positive when the observed value exceeds the reference value). The magnitude of the value indicates the size of the difference.

This chapter starts by appreciating that besides the company there are other forms of business associations, such as cooperatives, partnerships and sole proprietorships. It then distinguishes these other forms of business associations from the company, which is our main focus. The chapter then goes ahead to look at the law governing other forms of business associations with special attention to cooperative societies

This report is an official document that reflects precise and concrete information about the different aspects of the project ranging from the overview, requirements, practical aspects, theoretical considerations, tasks furnished, outcomes gained, objectives listed, reports attached, abstracts, experiments and results, conclusions and recommendations to the implementation and scope of the project

A theory is a general statement about the real world whose essential truth can be supported by evidence obtained through the scientific method. A theory must explain in a provable way why something happens. Ex: Learning theory explains behavior on the basis of what organisms have learned from the environment.

Any obstacle or problem in the process of communication which hinders/obstructs the process of Communication is called a Barrier.

An electric motor is an electric machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. In normal motoring mode, most electric motors operate through the interaction between an electric motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate force within the motor.

This is a comprehensive business plan writing template.

Estimating is the process of forecasting the cost of a project to reduce financial impact of cost overruns and hindrances to completion of a project.

This is about managing people in educational organizations. it is written at a time of serious problems as well as huge opportunities for school managers.

Animal welfare is attracting increasing interest worldwide, but particularly from those in developed countries, who now have the knowledge and resources to be able to offer the best management systems for their farm animals, as well as potentially being able to offer plentiful resources for companion, zoo and laboratory animals. The increased attention given to animal welfare in the West derives largely from the fact that the relentless pursuit of financial reward and efficiency has lead to the development of intensive animal production systems that offend the conscience of many consumers in those countries. In developing countries, human survival is still a daily uncertainty, so that provision for animal welfare has to be balanced against human welfare. Welfare is usually provided for only if it supports the output of the animal, be it food, work, clothing, sport or companionship