Project in general refers to a new endeavor with specific objective and varies so widely that it is very difficult to precisely define it. Some of the commonly quoted definitions are as follows. Project is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service or result.

Community development helps to build community capacity in order to address issues and take advantage of opportunities, find common ground and balance competing interests. It doesn’t just happen capacity building requires both a conscious and a conscientious effort to do something (or many things) to improve the community.

The participants of this training should have knowledge on creating working folders for data storage, navigating through the working folders to get and store data working with Qgis tools and basic skills of navigating GIS data on Qgis.

This course provides the basics for trainees by introducing essential project management concepts and methods. The trainees will learn how to identify project components, organize them effectively and control the project from the earliest steps of developing the project charter through the final steps of a project-documentation and execution.

Project Management is the dynamic process utilizing the appropriate resources of the organization in a controlled and structured manner, employed to achieve a change clearly defined with specific objectives identified as strategic needs.

A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more parties.

Oxygen sag or the oxygen sag curve refers to the reduction in dissolved oxygen plotted over a distance along a water body from a point at which sewage or other pollutants have been discharged. The phenomenon of oxygen sag is usually related to the release of organic pollutants or nutrient elements, which promote the growth of oxygen-consuming microorganisms.

(GIS) refers to a computer-based tool for mapping and analyzing geographic phenomenon that exist, and events that occur on Earth. GIS technology integrates common database operations such as query and statistical analysis with the unique visualization and geographic analysis benefits offered by maps.

It is in this course where the trainee should familiarise themselves with specialised treatment processes such as water softening, iron and manganese removal, colour odour and taste removal, fluoridation, defluoridation and desalination processes.

CHAPTER OVERVIEW AND CONNECTIONS TO OTHER CHAPTERS Socialization is a major goal of all people and involves teaching children the values, mores, norms, and roles of their culture. This task falls initially to the parents, which is why it is so important to focus on the impact of parents on children’s socialization. This chapter examines the many socializing forces in a child’s life, including family. The emphasis is on children of elementary school age, and covers development from the years of approximately seven to twelve. In addition to the impact of family on children’s development, this chapter also examines the role of divorce, remarriage, peers, and television as sources of socialization. The authors emphasize the potent effects of parenting style by showing its consequences for a child’s emotional and cognitive development, as well as its impact on peer relationships. Also important are individual characteristics of children, as these often determine the quality of parenting and the nature of peer interactions. Additionally, this chapter examines children’s understanding of others in terms of their descriptions of others and the development of perspective-taking and prejudice. The authors examine how socialization, parenting, and sibling relationships differ by ethnic groups. This chapter is closely related to the two preceding chapters. From Chapter 5, you can draw connections between the development of empathy and positive peer relationships, attachment and parenting style, and the social roles of gender and violence on TV; from Chapter 6, you can examine the impact of cognitive development on changes in the complexity of peer relationships and the social networks of older children, as well as the features of educational settings that enhance socialization.