Pharmacology is a medical science that forms a backbone of the medical profession as drugs form the corner stone of therapy in human diseases. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to describe the pharmacological basis of therapeutics in order to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of drugs to recipients. This lecture note on pharmacology is primarily a note for undergraduate health science students such as health officer, nursing, midwifery and laboratory technology students. However, other health professionals whose career involves drug therapy or related aspects should also find much of the material relevant.

Definitions of terms: food, health, nutrition, nutrients, nutritional status, nutritional care, malnutrition, catabolism, anabolism, metabolism, good nutrition and food choices. Food What does food means to you? Food-menu -diet-hunger-nutrition-malnutrition. What images do these words bring to your mind? Are they oriented to your senses? To your social enjoyment? To your concerns about your own well-being? To your emotions? Do they raise questions about the quality of life for your fellow human beings? When you sit down to your next meal you will have definite ideas-positive or negative--about that meal and the specific foods that are served to you. By your eyes you will delight in the texture variations and colour combinations of the food, the artistic touch of a garnish, and the beautiful table arrangements; or perhaps you may be repelled because the food lacks colour and is carelessly served.

Microbiology- It is the study of microorganisms Microorganisms- They is living entities of microscopic size and include bacteria, viruses, yeast, algae & protozoa, mound (fungi) Parasitology- It is the study of parasites, their host and relationship between them Prokaryote- they are unicellular organisms that lack a membrane bound nucleus mitochondria or any other membrane bound organelle.

Nutrition as defined as the science of food sand nutrients ,their action ,interaction and balance in relationship to health and disease, the processes by which the organism ingests ,digests ,absorbs ,transports and utilizes nutrients and disposes off their end product. It is a multi disciplinary science that embraces agriculture ,food technology ,psychology ,sociology ,economics ,religion ,culture and communication.

Surveillance: It refers to the act of carefully watching someone or something especially in order to prevent or detect an occurrence of a given situation. It can also be defined as a continuous observation of a place, person, group, or ongoing activity in order to gather information:

Nutrition care process module is designed to equip the learner with knowledge, skills and attitude to enable the learner implement nutrition care process in every nutrition intervention. The prerequisite modules include; Principles of human nutrition, Nutrition intervention in HIV/AIDS and Communicable & non communicable diseases, Management of malnutrition, Nutrition surveillance, Diet therapy 1 and Nutrition in the Lifespan The module takes 30 contact hours: 13 hours for theory and 17 hours for practicals. Learners undertaking this module will have both theory and practical assessments. The formative assessment will be in the form of continuous assessment tests, assignments, clinical and field assessments and end of semester examination whereas summative assessment will be done in form of final qualifying examination.

Communicable and non-communicable diseases module is designed to equip the learner with knowledge, skills and attitude to enable them manage and counsel the patients on communicable and non-communicable disease. The prerequisite modules include; Human anatomy and physiology, HIV & AIDS, Principles of human nutrition, Introduction to Microbiology . The module takes 60 contact hours: 26 hours for theory and 34 hours for practicals. Learners undertaking this module will have both theory and practical assessments. The formative assessment will be in the form of continuous assessment tests, assignments, clinical and field assessments and promotional examination whereas summative assessment will be done in form of final qualifying examination.

Safety : overall quality of food fit for consumption. • Sanitation : a state of being clean and conducive to health. • Cleanliness :is the absence of visible dirt and is not necessarily sanitized. • Microorganisms :organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size. (bacterium , protozoan). • Food borne illness: A disease caused by consuming contaminated food or drink. e.g botulism, salmonellosis

What is nutrition counselling? Nutrition counselling is a two-way interaction through which a client and a trained counsellor interpret the results of nutrition assessment, identify individual nutrition needs and goals, discuss ways to meet those goals, and agree on next steps. Nutrition counselling aims to help clients understand important information about their health and focuses on practical actions to address nutrition needs, as well as the benefits of behavior change. Nutrition counsellors may be nurses or other facility based providers or community health workers or volunteers.

• Understand the terms used for describing the structure and function of different regions of gross anatomy. • Describe the structure and functions of human cell. • Describe human systemic anatomy. • Describe the anatomy of the skin. • Describe human physiology