At puberty, hypothalamus is stimulated to produce GnRH to the adeno-hypo-physeal • Production of either follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) or Luteinizing hormone (LH) to the female ovary or male testes. • In males the FSH effects spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubules within the testis • In females stimulates the maturation of graafian follicle in ovary • FSH stimulates secretion of estrogen in female, androgens in males and LH stimulates secretion of progesterone

Nursing care can be carried out through a variety of organizational methods. The model of nursing care used varies greatly from one facility to another and from one set of patient circumstances to another

What is planning? Refers to a deliberative systematic phase of the nursing process that involves decision making and problem solving. It involves client assessment of data and diagnostic statements for direction in formulating client goals and designing the nursing interventions

Refers to nursing care organizational modalities Nursing modalities are dependent on organizational philosophy, nursing staff, client population and patient condition.

This course provides an introduction to programming techniques to understand the concepts and principles of procedural programming language, formulate basic problem solving techniques, analyze problems and implement basic algorithms for their solution. The unit also aims to show ability in testing and debugging of programs.

Is the process of identifying an existing problem. Determining the root cause or causes of the problem/deciding the best course of the action in order to solve the problem and then finally implementing it to solve it. Simply methodology for solving everyday issues

Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing has been a leading book in pediatric nursing since it was first published almost 40 years ago. This kind of support places immense accountability and responsibility on us to earn your future endorsement with each new edition. So, with your encouragement and constructive comments, we offer this extensive revision, the tenth edition of Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing. This tenth edition continues the legacy of Donna Wong and David Wilson; our beloved colleagues. We hold dear their contributions and memories of their pursuit of excellence in all they did for the Wong textbooks.

Definition: topical agents are those substances, which are applied to body surface including applications within the mucous membranes of body cavities • These are the compounds that act locally with skin or mucous membrane mainly by mechanical or physical manner. • Use of topical agents for treatment of dermatologic disorders is not only convenient but also minimizes systemic adverse effects

The third stage (3rd stage) of labour is the period from the birth of the baby through to expulsion of the placenta and membranes and ends with the control of bleeding

The sulfonamides, or sulfa drugs, are synthetic antimicrobial drugs that are pharmacologically used as broad spectrum for the treatment of bacterial infections. • Sulfonamides include sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfasalazine and cotrimoxazole. • Cotrimoxazole is a combination drug that contains sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, another antibacterial drug.

These are a class of medications that are used as antidepressants. They work by increasing levels of serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter in the brain. SSRIs are prescribed to treat various mental health conditions that includes major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder and panic disorders. Some commonly prescribed SSRIs include fluoxetine(Prozac), sertraline(Zoloft), paroxetine(paxil).

Respectful Maternity Care (RMC) is an approach that; Focuses on the interpersonal aspect of maternity care. Emphasizes the fundamental rights of the mother, newborn and families, including protecting the mother and the baby Recognizes that all childbearing women need and deserve respectful care and protection of the women’s right to choice and preferences

The period after delivery of the baby and placenta upto 6 weeks postnatally. During this time, a number of physiological and psychological changes take place. 1. Lactation is established 2. The relationship between mother and baby begins 3. The mother recovers from the stresses of pregnancy and delivery 4. The reproductive organs return to their non gravid state 5. All physiological changes that occur in pregnancy are reversed.

Schizophrenia, which has a genetic association is characterized by hallucinations, paranoia, delusions, speech abnormalities, and emotional problems. • Mania, with its associated bipolar illness is characterized by periods of extreme overactivity, aggression and excitement

A profession is an occupational group with a set of attitudes, behaviors, or both. A profession requires advanced specialized training and the professionals must meet specified criteria. A Professional Nurse This is a person who has successfully undergone a prescribed nurse training program has passed a licensing examination and has been registered by the regulatory body, in our context the Nursing Council of Kenya.

Pregnancy The period from conception to delivery when a fetus develops in a woman’s uterus/womb • It takes 9 months in human beings and the season in normally divided into 3 trimesters for the sake of care • The period is bombarded with changes that bring about special needs for the mother and family • The level of intension for the pregnancy spells the probability of the best possible outcomes

A patient has the following rights: To be informed of the name, purpose, action, and potential undesired effects of a medication To refuse a medication regardless of the consequences To have qualified nurses or physicians assess a medication history, including allergies and use of herbals To be properly advised of the experimental nature of medication therapy and give written consent for its use

Formation of the female gamete cell known as ovum • Occurs within the ovarian cortex • Developing ovum is supported by follicular cells • A mature follicle is known as Graafian • Begins before the female fetus is born(prenatally) • Cell division is arrested at prophase 1 stage and fertilization is a requirement for the completion of the 2 nd meiotic cell division • Process is completed in the menstrual cycles after puberty

Preconception care is defined as a set of interventions aimed at identifying and modifying the risk factors, whenever possible (demographic and medical variables), directly or indirectly related to factors causing malformations or a poor perinatal outcome. • Preconception nutrition refers to dietary and lifestyle practices that individuals should adopt before pregnancy to optimize reproductive health and overall well-being.

Each discipline has a unique focus for knowledge development that directs its inquiry and distinguishes it from other fields of study. Nursing knowledge is the inclusive total of the philosophies, theories, research, and practice wisdom of the discipline. As a professional discipline this knowledge is important for guiding practice. Theory-guided, evidence-based practice is the hallmark of any professional discipline.