Kozi hii ni ya lazima kwa wanafunzi wote wa Kiswahili katika Chuo Kikuu cha Maseno,semista ya kwanza,mwaka wa pili.Mwishoni mwanafunzi atakadiriwa kwa mtihani.

The purpose of the course is to enable the learner to master and apply the principles and practice of public speaking in diverse contexts.

Reputation crisis involves situations where an organization risks or experience serious damage to its reputation. Public relations are about reputation-the result of what you do, what you say, and what others say about you.

Culture: Anthropologists define culture as everything that occurs in a society-all of the customs and practices handed down from generation to generation. These contributions usually come from formal institutions such as churches, the government and increasingly the media.

The function of mass communication in the society is enormous. This is evident in the different appellations or names the journalists are called. Names like watchdog, intellectual peeping toms, fourth estate of the realm and so on. The Press helps sanitise the society of all forms of corruption by scrutinizing the actions, policies, and performance of those who govern.

The advent of printing is the key to our modern consciousness, argued Marshall McLuhan. Printing was so important because it allowed mass communication. The Chinese were using wooden block presses as early as A.D 600 and had movable clay type by A.D1000.

What is Film? Film is a medium of communication which combines visual and audio (audiovisual). It contains the recording of a story, acted by people to make it as close to reality as possible. The Collins English Dictionary defines film as a sequence of images of moving objects photographed by a camera providing the optical illusion of continuous movement when projected onto a screen.

Adjuncts of the Mass Media refer to additional sources through which the mass media get information. Simply put, they are the additions to the mass media. The most popular of these adjuncts are the news agencies.

Richmond (2012 anafafanua maana ya Semantiki kwamba ni tawi la isimu ya lugha linalohusu viyambo vya Lugha.Anaendelea kusema kuwa semantiki ni utanzu wa isimu unaojishuighurisha na maana ya maneno au viyambo vya maneno katika Lugha .

Mitazamo ya majina ya watu huzalisha aina zifuatazo za anthroponomastiki: anthroponimu funge/kimazingira, anthroponimu siha, anthroponimu za kifamilia, anthroponimu ya kidini/kithioforiki, anthroponimu ya kiutani/kilakabu, apotropaiki, matronimu, patronimu, teknonimu, paidinimu, aptronimu na animonimu.

Majina ya nchi, mahali au binadamu huweza kutafsiriwa ili kukidhi haja ya watumiaji wa lugha husika. Tafsiri ni mbinu ya uhamishaji wa ujumbe kutoka lugha moja hadi nyingine (Bright, 1991) na husaidia katika urahisishaji wa mawasiliano na uelewano baina ya watu (Crystal, 1987).

The study of introduction to insurance has a vital role in explaining and conveying the underlying principles of conducting insurance business. Insurance is a way of reducing uncertainty of occurrence of an event. It is in itself an investment. The study will help students who wish to understand, invest or major in insurance as a career option.

Public Relations is a powerful tool that can make a vital contribution to the organizational success. An organization’s action can have wide implications. Public relations describe the way issues and messages are communicated between an organization and the public. It is the discipline that looks after corporate reputation.

An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, process and transform data into information and provide feedback to meet a specified objective. A computer based information system is an information system that uses computer technology to perform input, processing and output activities. Due to the massive computerization of manual information systems, computer based information systems are simply referred to as information systems. They are the subject of discussion in this chapter.

What is Health system Management? HSM describes the leadership and general management of hospitals, their networks and other health delivery establishments...

Meaning of election reporting; sources of election news, to the media, politicians, the public; problems of election reporting; logistics and costs; safety during elections; how to detect election irregularities; politicians spin, dealing with the spin; NGOs/pressure groups/religious and other organizations.

Whether it has been Hansard – the official record of parliamentary debates or newspaper reports of parliamentary activities and government decisions, the reporting of Parliament has been an important part of the parliamentary story.

This is the first of three chapters on court and legal reporting. In this chapter we consider why it is important for court cases to be reported, and how to do it safely and properly. In the next chapter we look at how to write reports that are accurate, fair and interesting. In the final chapter we follow a legal case through from beginning to end.

The word corruption is derived from Latin word “corruptus” meaning “to break”

In this chapter, we discuss the challenge facing journalists in reporting science and technology. We advise on the ways of preparing yourself and of using experts to make your task easier. In the following chapter we discuss ways of writing bright, interesting stories and conclude with some solutions to common problem areas.