INTRODUCTION Emergency light is an integral part of household electronics nowadays. We all Emergency light is used during the power failure to light up the home. As it is used during the power failure, it should last long, hence generally bright white LEDs are used in emergency light, because they produce more light and consume less power. Emergency light is very useful and popular project in DIY section. So today we are going to build a simple and cost effective emergency light. In this emergency light circuit, when the Power goes OFF, the emergency light activates automatically. We have used four bright white LEDs; more LEDs can be added to produce more light considering that total current consumption should not exceed the supply current. Ultra bright white LED consumes 3v and 20mA current. 1.2 OBJECTIVES -To design a project that can be used an alternative source of light in case of power failure occasioned by changes in climatic conditions. -To design a project that is cost effective. 1:3 SPECIFICATION -Input voltage (220-240) V arc -Frequency 50Hz a.c -Battery output voltage 6v d.c -Output current 4.5Ah 1:4 PROBLEM STATEMENT - In boarding school at night and dawn studies, students do have problems when their is power failure ,so I come up with this project that will help provide light to them during their studies incase of power failure.. - Lastly it helps to reduce the cost of power consumption, hence it's economical alternative source of power,, as compared to generator.

ABSTRACT This research focuses on detection of an authorized access to residential and commercial buildings when residents are away fromthe access gate of thehouse .The system is simple reliable and touch less activator security system and uses sensor technology to revolutionized the standard of living .The system provides the best resolution to most of the problems forced by house owners in their daily life. Due to its simple electronic component nature, it is more adaptable and cost effective .the system is divided into three units which employs both the use of the dc battery and the mains supply to ensure constant power supply to the circuit. The design of the system was achieved by considering some factors such as economy, availability of the components and research materials, efficiency, compatability and portability and also durability in the design process. The system works on the principal of thetouch lesssensor. The general performance of the system depends on the presence of intruder enterrring through the door .the overall system was constructed and tested and wok perfectly. The IR theft alarm consists of infrared IR Transmitter, IR receiver and comparator IC LM358. This detector circuit can be used to detect any human entry, obstacles, theft, etc, in order to use IR detector circuit to sense human entry, the IR sensor has to be placed opposite to each other .IR rays is directly falls on IR receiver which in turn is given as input to the ic LM358 which is used as a comparator. Comparator is a circuit which compares two voltages. (Reference voltage and input voltage) produced output according to the input. The output of the comparator is given to the transistor which acts as an inverter and drives a LED and a Buzzer. Buzzer will give you sound if LED is turned ON.

ABSTRACT Digital visitor counter is necessary to count how many people entered into a specific area or how many items are generated in a firm. It helps in counting of people in an auditorium or hall for seminar to avoid congestion. It is a simple electronic circuit which is totally based on the analogue and digital circuit. This is because it has some part of analogue and digital part(7 segment display) in analogue the main part is LDR(Light Dependent Resistor). How does digital visitor counter works It can simply be done by light reference and light sensor are used to detect the person and display the count using 7 segment display with the help of 4026 IC. The light reference and light senor are placed in such a way that the visitor will cross the light path when he/she enters the hall.

ABSTRACT Street light controllers are smarter versions of the mechanical or electronic timers previously used for street light ON-OFF operation. They come with energy conservation options like twilight saving, staggering or dimming. Also many street light controllers come with an astronomical clock for a particular location or a Global Positioning System (GPS) connection to give the best ON-OFF time and energy saving. Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple and powerful concept, which uses transistor as a switch to switch ON and OFF the street light automatically. By using this system manual works are removed. It automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights under illumination by sunlight. This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light actually like our eyes By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because now-a-days the manually operated street lights are not switched off properly even the sunlight comes and also not switched on earlier before sunset. In sunny and rainy days, ON time and OFF time differ A significantly which is one of the major disadvantage of using timer circuits or manual . This project exploits the working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the lights at appropriate time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch. A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard, or lamp standard is a raised source of light on the edge of a road or walkway, which is turned on or lit at a certain time every night. Modern lamps may also have light-sensitive photocells to turn them on at dusk, off at dawn, or activate automatically in dark weather. In older lighting this function would have been performed with the aid of a solar dial. It is not uncommon for street lights to be on poles which have wires strung between them, or mounted on utility poles. This project exploits the working of a transistor in saturation region and cut-off region to switch ON and switch OFF the lights at appropriate time with the help of an electromagnetically operated switch Automatic Streetlight needs no manual operation of switching ON and OFF. The system itself detects whether there is need for light or not. When darkness rises to a certain value

ABSTRACT With improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. One main area of research that has seen adoption of the technology is the healthcare sector. The people in need of healthcare services find it very expensive this is particularly true in developing countries. With improvement in technology previously expensive hospital equipment have been redesigned using current technology. The developments have seen a trend known as Remote healthcare or previously known as Telemedicine As a result, this project was an attempt to solve a healthcare problem facing the society. The main objective of the project was to design a remote healthcare system. It was comprised of three main parts. The first part being detection of a fall, second being detection of Electrocardiogram commonly referred to as ECG or EKG(heartbeat detection) and the last part was providing the detected data for remote viewing. Remote viewing of the data enables a doctor or health specialist to monitor a patient’s health progress away from hospital premises. Recent technology trend has seen Smart watches, fitness trackers and Smart phones with portable heartbeat detectors. All these are commonly referred to as wearable technology. These devices are modeled around another developing technology trend referred to as Internet of Things (IoT). The devices are linked to Smartphones that process and backup the information on a server. This information is later reviewed to give the health status or progress of the user. As the devices are still new to the consumers the cost is still high especially to those in developing countries. The aim of the project was to come up with a Remote Health Detection System that can be made with locally available sensors with a view of making it affordable if it were to be mass produced.

ABSTRACT A short circuit has been a source of problems to the electrical components experienced by electrical technicians and engineers during the assembling of the evaluable components on the board. I have managed to come up with short circuit tester which will automatically detect and indicate the short circuit available in the assembled board. The main aim of coming with this project is to reduce the loss of life of people when short circuit occurs, maintain the life span of valuable components installed in the board and facilitate easy way of troubleshooting the component effect during the repair damaged equipment. The two NPN transistor BC547 is used in the project design to since the presence of short circuit in the electrical circuit. The designed buzzer will automatically have signaled hence turning on Red LED when there is Short circuit in the circuit under the tester thus creating awareness.

ABSTRACT This is a project on clap switch on / off any electrical circuit by the sound of the clap. The clap operated circuit is a circuit which operates by clapping from a remote pond. When a person claps one, the first output of the circuit is turned on. If another one will cause to energize the third output. The basic idea of clap switch is that the electric microphone picks up the sound of claps, cough and sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small electrical signal which is amplified by the succession transistor stage. Two transistors cross connected as a bustle multivibrator change stage of each signal. One of these transistor drives the aver transistor which control a lamp basically this is a sound operated switch. For example, fan, fluorescent light TV and other applications can be switched on or off by clapping.

ABSTRACT Cell phones are widely used in the world. While people have to be connected to one another, there are situations or places where there usage is to be prohibited either due to security reasons or it may cause health hazards. Cell phones detection has been on investigation for a long time. There are techniques which have been formulated or proposed on how cell phones can be detected. Most of the use the features such as audio system, RF system and common materials of the phones and try to look into how they can be used as basis to detect mobile phones This project utilizes the RF system of the cell phone as the features to be detecting its presence. A circuit that detects signals of the range 0.9GHz is used to detect a cell phone when in use. When the signal is detected, an LED blinks to indicate the use age of a cell phone within a radius of 1.5 mete

The manual system of preparing Class Schedule in Collages within large number of students is very time consuming and usually ends up with various classes clashing either at same room or with same teachers having more than one class at a time. To overcome these problems people usually take the previous year’s timetable and modify it. But still it is a tedious job to incorporate changes every time. To overcome all these problems, we propose to make an automated system. The system will take various inputs like details of students, subjects and class rooms and teachers available. Depending upon these inputs, it will generate a possible time table, making optimal utilization of all resources in a way that will best suit any of constraints or rules. So our aim is to develop a general-purpose automated system which can effectively generate automatic class schedules when given with several input constraints.

ABSTRACT The center of this study was to develop and implement an Online Car Rental Information Management and Centralized Database System that helps in capturing the information from Customers and their Booking transactions. This was developed to reduce the effect of Manual System of Registering customers while booking. Therefore, the Project offers an extensive knowledge regarding Online Car Rental Information Management System from Africa one travels.thesyatem was developed using php MySQL HTML and CSS

ABSTRACT Use of computers a vital role in the current society, particularly in the communication sector, where there is realization of increasing number of internet users. Use of internet may prove useful in online car purchasing for clients across the country and globe at large. This made it easy to communicate between the client and the seller. These has led to Efficient and secure transactions hence eliminating vices such as conning and undelivered orders and also lost tracing of purchased cars from abroad or within the East African Community at large. The experts and the involved stakeholders posts images and prices of the cars and then customers of prospective customers sends requests for the specific cars into the Company’s database via internet, USSD, text, calls, and e-mails among other online platforms. This system is user-friendly and is easy-to-use among all classes of literate customers. This project aimed at developing an Online Car Purchasing system where sellers are able to sell cars easily. Therefore it has been used by not only usual people, but also by car dealers and retailers want to easily sell their cars securely and for accountability. This system has achieved the objectives of this study by designing and developing an online system using HTML, PHP and JavaScript. This has saved a lot of time for system evolution since it won’t call for coming up with new requirements. Besides the incremental model will be used which unlike the waterfall model is efficient for this project since it is of a smaller scale. .

This project illustrates the designing and implementation of a web based Pharmacy Sales and Inventory system for the. The primary aim of is to improve accuracy and enhance safety and efficiency in the pharmaceutical store by minimizing issues occur in day to day operations. Currently they are using a manual system which is very hard in handling. Managing the stock with paper records based on the expiry dates and the quantity available in the stock are some major problems identified in the problem domain. The system intends to minimize the workload of the staff and increase the value of the business to gain the competitive advantages in the pharmaceutical industry. The system allows different tasks for different users. They are administrator who can logging the system as different user roles to perform their functions separately. Administrator has all privileges of the system. Create users, generate reports for managerial decisions, manage employee attendance are some administrator tasks. In addition, the system will show a notification about expiry dates of drugs and stock ending details. It is easy to handle stock management through the software rather than working with paper records. Customers are the main asset of the business. So, the system will help to reduce waiting time of the customers. They can check the availability of the items before they come to the pharmacy by using the search facility provided in the pharmacy web site.

ABSTRACT The business-to- consumer aspect of an online shopping is the most visible business use of the World Wide Web. The primary goal of an online shopping site is to sell goods and services online. This project deals with developing an e- commerce website for online shopping. It provides the user with a catalogue of different goods and services available for purchase in the store. In order to facilitate online purchase a shopping cart is provided to the user. The system is implemented using aninternet based approach, with a backend database, PHP, and a web browser as the front end client. In order to develop an e- commerce website for online shopping, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi- tiered architecture, server and client side scripting techniques, implementation technologies such as PHP HTML CSS and MySQL, relational databases (such as MySQL). This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart application and also to know about the technologies used to develop such an application. This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e-commerce website for online shopping Source code e WhatsApp+254723316663

The research was carried out purposely to come up with a well-established, quality and unique evening wear. The research will give out the basic information and skills regarding well grooming. A presentable evening garment design will be made from research Literature was review on managing the behavior of fast moving customers and the rising demand on trends and pocket friendly evening dress that will help designers improve their effectiveness in the field of designing. The research was carried out in various places that is; parties, events, markets, and in various garment making industries in Nairobi. Their way to face to face questioning that is mostly in parties and events. There was also use of questionnaires The research mostly targeted people who like partying and event managers. An evening dress depends on the type of an event that one is going to attend. The researcher came into conclusion that evening dress are liked by many, since nowadays most ladies love partying: most evening wear in market today are expensive to this project will help the ladies toafford this

ABSTRACT Clothing is a factor in every day human life and interactions with others. Clothing is a systematic means of transmitting information about the wearer. The purpose of this research is to understand the relationship of fashion designers ‘cultural values and personal experiences and the process of creativity in their design process. This study was designed to find out factors influencing the way they dress. The main objective in this study was to identify the physical,i) To produce simple and appropriate outfit. ii) To improve the branding image for fashion and design.iii) To look neat and well-groomed but relaxed iv) To promote recognition of the design. The research will be mainly in Nakuru town. I will involve various people in doing the research e.g. experts and designers. The casual wear will explain into further details hence the upcoming designers will also expand on their knowledge of designing other trending new styles. The clients will be informed of the latest trending designs and fashion

This research study sought to establish a unique type of a dinner dress and the most presentable one, it will provide basic information and skills regarding well grooming, a creative garment design will be made out of this research on a dinner dress which will finally familiarize people with the use of such design. The study was therefore carried at various places such as the market centers, educational institutional and boutiques around the town areas. The study therefore seeks to investigate the most acceptable and presentable dinner dress in the modern society and the effectiveness of such a dress will be seen at the end product. Literature was reviewed on managing the modern form of a dinner dress and help designers to improve their effectiveness in the design fields. Information to access the most and affordable dinner dress was gathered from the internet by googling also by using questionnaires in the research fields, market and schools. Majority of the respondents from market places and boutiques observed that work related factors and financial constraints are the major causes of rejected designs on the new fashion trends and they can attribute to.

Diploma in information technology lecture scheme Module one Introduction to ICT and ethics

These are structured programming notes that covers. Introduction to structured programming Programming development and design Program structure Control structures Sub programs Data structures File handling and Software documentation

Covers object oriented concepts such as class, object, encapsulation, data abstraction, overloading, reusability and polymorphism

ABSTRACT Over the years the manual attendance system has been carried across most of educational institutions.To overcome the problem of manual attendance, now we are using a web based attendance management system, which can be implemented on any computer. This system is being developed to maintain easy access of information from the database. The application makes use of PHPMySQL HTML and CSS.It tracks all the details of a student attendance from day one to end of the course. The conventional method of takingattendance by calling names or signing is very time consuming, insecure and hence inefficient.