The essential use of 12V lead acid batteries in automobile engines to power incorporated electrical appliances, and also the sudden failure of vehicle charging systems that often give rise to a drain of battery cells has necessitated the construction of battery chargers suitable for fully restoring the lost charge into the required 12V battery cells. Most 12V battery charging devices built for commercial services are usually heavy and bulky and lack a protection circuit and a sensitized control circuit required for automatic deactivation of charging once the battery is fully charged. In this new design product, the size of the battery charger was made portable and light in weight to enable end users to convey it as easily as possible. Short circuits and current reverse protection were incorporated as well. A sensitized control circuit was implemented to ensure that charging is terminated immediately when the battery is fully charged. This is to avoid the possible occurrence of overcharging that may result in loss of electrolytes. In this report the components used to actualize the design work were listed and the design specifications were tabulated with the circuit diagram well detailed. The operational principle of the built charger clearly explains how the design objectives were reached. An adopted formula with example on how to calculate the charging time of a battery when using the product was derived. Design limitations, recommendations, and conclusion were stated. Various relevant tests were conducted with its corresponding results tabulated. Finally, a well labeled image which lays out views of the completely constructed battery charger is attached in order to appreciate the effort and the value of the design work. (Keywords: AC power supply, rectification, charging, deactivation, full charge) Considering, the compact shape of the battery charger, with very low ventilation an extractor fan was incorporated to drive away hot air and moisture that would be generated inside the charger compartment during operation.

Digital Visitor Counter is device or system that can read the incoming and outgoing agents or traffics that tends to visit or physically visit a place and. The system is proposed and designed in this paper that is the visitor counter that is bidirectional in feature which can read both the incoming and outgoing traffic and agents at same time securely. In this system, up to 999 incoming or outgoing visitors can be counted using microcontroller. Microcontroller is used here to make a secure count over a large number of visitors. This system is essentially required in many places where count for the visitors is needed by the administrator of that system. The design and demonstrations are produced in this paper.

DC voltage step is a type of electrical circuit that has ability to convert 1.5v to 12 v DC from a 1.5 battery without necessitating the use of transformers or customized integrated circuits. The very center of this circuit is undoubtedly an oscillator created close to a couple of transistors (t1and t2) that regulates a coil.

An A.C and D.C fluorescent tube is useful for emergency blackout as it works on D.C as well, this saves the production process under lightings. This project comprises A.C components as well as D.C components under improved conditions, this makes it useful in both urban and rural areas. When A.C power is off user can supply it with D.C power to light the house or place as well Although fluorescent lamp is a very efficient lighting device in daily life, still the high harmonic distortion and low power factor cause unnecessary energy consumption. In today’s environment demanding energy efficiency, it is important to reduce this energy loss by integrating an energy saving controller in the electromagnetic ballast of fluorescent lamps. The research presented in this thesis investigates the design and implementation of a new energy saving controller for electromagnetic fluorescent lamp network. The newly developed controller attempts to reduce power losses in both the electromagnetic ballasts and fluorescent lamps by regulating the incoming supply voltage to an optimum level. In addition, the new controller is able to adjust the illuminance level of working environment lightings under either dark or bright condition. Moreover, the function of the new controller is extended with time scheduling control capability, where the switching of lighting systems can be controlled at predetermined times based on occupancy schedule. Both simulation and practical results show that the implemented controller reduces energy consumption by at least 37.5%, by reducing the incoming supply voltage by 15%. In addition, it is desirable to have variable illuminance level control to decrease the energy losses. The experimental results show that the illuminance output level of electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps can be decreased by 50% using the new controller while maintaining unity power factor. Integration of the new energy saving controller into electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps impressively outperforms the existing electronic dimmable ballast. This new controller brings great ideas for energy saving in the use of fluorescent lamps. Keyword: energy saving, illuminance level control, voltage control, electromagnetic ballast fluorescent lamps

SENSOR BASED DETECTOR AND MONITORING SYSTEM ABSTRACT With improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. One main area of research that has seen adoption of the technology is the healthcare sector. The people in need of healthcare services find it very expensive this is particularly true in developing countries. With improvement in technology previously expensive hospital equipment have been redesigned using current technology. The developments have seen a trend known as Remote healthcare or previously known as Telemedicine As a result, this project was an attempt to solve a healthcare problem facing the society. The main objective of the project was to design a remote healthcare system. It was comprised of three main parts. The first part being detection of a fall, second being detection of Electrocardiogram commonly referred to as ECG or EKG(heartbeat detection) and the last part was providing the detected data for remote viewing. Remote viewing of the data enables a doctor or health specialist to monitor a patient’s health progress away from hospital premises.

short circuit has been a source of problems to the electrical components experienced by electrical technicians and engineers during the assembling of the evaluable components on the board. I have managed to come up with short circuit tester which will automatically detect and indicate the short circuit available in the assembled board. The main aim of coming with this project is to reduce the loss of life of people when short circuit occurs, maintain the life span of valuable components installed in the board and facilitate easy way of troubleshooting the component effect during the repair damaged equipment. The two NPN transistor BC547 is used in the project design to since the presence of short circuit in the electrical circuit. The designed buzzer will automatically have signaled hence turning on Red LED when there is Short circuit in the circuit under the tester thus creating awareness.

The purpose of the course is to introduce students to the key development research issues necessary to critically use and evaluate qualitative and quantitative data. The course unit aims to provide an understanding of the underlying principles of development research methodology that will complement and extend the more specialized knowledge students derive from their professional or academic disciplinary background. The course will focus on different kinds of research methodologies, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, and how these can be integrated.

Medical terminology refers to the study of words used to communicate facts and ideas particular to medicine concerning the origin,construction the past and present usage and the meaning of such word. It can further be defined as a specialized language and a means of communication between and amongst health professionals.

A classification of diseases can be defined as a system of categories to which morbid entities are assigned according to established criteria. Classification is the use of police procedure to categories fact which stored for accessible use.

This document gives you a clear preview of the services offered in the Focused Antenatal Care Schedule with clear details on the period between each visit and the routine services offered.

This document provides information on Leishmania, a genus of protozoa that causes the disease Leishmaniasis. It also provides insight on the history and distribution of Leishmania, it's general characteristics, habitat, morphology, life cycle, mode of transmission, pathogenicity, laboratory diagnosis and treatment.

This file provides information on the fertilization process including the factors that favor conception, the development of a blastocyst and the stages of development.

This document gives a clear preview of the anatomic and physiologic review of the integumentary system, the functions of the skin, health history and clinical manifestations of skin conditions, patients with dermatological problems and their management and the pathophysiology of the integumentary system.

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According to Gittinger (1982) and Todaro (1986) planning is an activity, which minimizes future risks that is minimizing the unknown and maximizing the known.

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The document is an analysis of K.C.S.E C.R.E. Paper 1 from 2006 to 2024, outlining various questions and topics related to Christian Religious Education. It covers themes such as the attributes of God, the importance of the Bible, the role of prophets, and the teachings of significant biblical figures like Abraham and Moses. Additionally, it addresses contemporary issues faced by Christians in Kenya, including challenges in practicing faith and social justice.

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